A Pharmaco-Conceptual Study on Abhav Pratinidhi Dravyas (Substitutes) W.S.R. To Analytical of Dadim (Punica granatum Linn) and Vrukshamla (Garcinia indica Chois.)

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Ayurveda is the ancient Indian system of medicine. Dravyaguna is a branch of Ayurveda which deals with herbs and drugs, its pharmacognosy, pharmacology and therapeutic uses of plants or drugs. In Ayurveda, there are many drugs combined in a single formulation. Some of them are not available due to absent of its season, some of them are difficult to find out, Confusion in vernacular names, some species got destroyed, same synonyms for many herbs, some drugs are highly costly, and some drugs are available but we have not the conventional identification. So, pratinidhi dravyas are mentioned in ayurvedic texts. Dadima (Punica granatum) and Vrukshamla (Garcinia indica) which is easily available and frequently found in several formulations, multidimensional qualities. AIM: 1) To analyze the concept of Abhav Pratinidhi Dravyas OBJECTIVES: 1) To evaluate Analytical study on Dadim and its substitute Vrukshamla and compare it. 2) The result will be compared with Ayurveda Pharmacopoeia of India. METHODOLOGY: The drugs were collected from natural sources. Both samples were subjected to Pharmacognostical evaluation, Physico-chemical evaluation, phytochemical evaluation and TLC and HPTLC as per standard method. ABSTRACT OBSERVATIONS & RESULTS: In present study, Pharmacognostic study showed difference in both samples. Also in Physico-chemical evaluation showed values within the ayurvedic pharmacopeial limit. Phytochemical evaluation exposed the presence of carbohydrates, steroid, tannin, triterpenoids in both samples but Dadim did not show alkaloids and Vrukshamla did not show saponin. TLC and HPTLC evaluation showed different values in sample. DISCUSSION: The Vedas have explored the concept of Abhav Pratinidhi Dravyas. Especially Shukla Yajurveda has more examples on substitutes in ritual works. During Samhita Kala, Acharya Charak and Acharya Shushrut have indirect concept of Abhav Pratinidhi Dravyas But Acharya Vagbhatta has Enlighten the concept. Afterward Bhavprakash, Bhaishjya Ratnavali and Yoga Ratnakar Have elaborated the concept of substitutes and also given the listing of Abhav pratinidhi Dravyas. All Acharyas have similar concept of Abhav Pratinidhi Dravyas like Similarity in Rasadi guna- karma, Pradhan dravyas must not be substituted and as per therapeutic need dravyas should be substituted. The concept of substitution is different than the adulteration because according to Acharyas substitute is as effective as the main Dravyas. But in adulteration the quality of the drug is affected. Dadim and Vrukshamla have more similarity in rasa, guna, virya,vipaka, karma and rogaghnata. Also phytochemical evaluation suggested similarity. And HPTLC evaluation showed standardization of the drug. CONCLUSION: The concept of Abhav Pratinidhi Dravyas comes from the Vedas and their texts. In Samhita period, Acharya Charak and Acharya Shushrut have not given directly reference about Abhav Pratinidhi Dravyas. But Only Acharya Vagbhatta has given the direct reference and brief introduction. Bhaishjya Ratnavali, Yoga Ratnakar and Bhavprakasha have given the full concept of Abhav Pratinidhi Dravyas – it’s definition, explanation, when to use, when to not use and their example listing. After discussing, it was concluded that Dadim and Vrukshamla have more similar Rasadi panchaka, Samanya karma and Rogaghnata. Also both are more similar analytically. So, Dadim and Vrukshamla can be used as substitute for each other.