http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7537 Sun, 12 Apr 2026 21:27:12 GMT 2026-04-12T21:27:12Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/8158 Comparative study of electrochemical oxidation and electrochemical Fenton processes for simultaneous degradation of phthalic and para-toluic acids from aqueous medium Sandhwar, Vishal Kumar; Prasad, Basheshwar Degradation of binary component of purified terephthalic acid wastewater viz. phthalic acid and para-toluic acid from aqueous medium was investigated in this study. Aqueous solution was initially subjected to acid precipitation treatment at various pH (2–4) and temperature (15–60 °C). After acid treatment, the solution was further subjected to electrochemical oxidation and electrochemical Fenton treatments using graphite electrodes. During electrochemical treatments, effect of process variables such as initial pH: (1–9), current density: (30.48–91.45 A/m2), NaCl concentration: (0.5–1.5 g/L), Fe2 + concentration: (0.5–1.5 mmol/L) and time: (15–95 min) was studied and optimized through central composite design. Maximum removal efficiencies during electrochemical oxidation treatment were 64.55%, 60.24% and 62.77% for phthalic acid, para-toluic acid and chemical oxygen demand respectively with an electric energy consumption of 28.50 kWh/kgCODremoved at optimum conditions. The removal capacities during electro-Fenton treatment were found 75.21%, 65.19% and 68.15% for phthalic acid, para-toluic acid and chemical oxygen demand respectively with 20.11 kWh/kgCODremoved energy consumption at optimum conditions. Both processes were compared based on removal efficiencies, electric energy consumption, kinetics and sludge characteristics. Sludge generated after electrochemical treatments was analyzed by various characterization techniques. In order to get maximum removal efficiencies and minimum energy consumption, electrochemical Fenton method was found more effective than electrochemical oxidation during this study. Sun, 01 Oct 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/8158 2017-10-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/8157 Comparison of phthalic acid removal from aqueous solution by electrochemical methods: Optimization, kinetic and sludge study Sandhwar, Vishal Kumar; Prasad, Basheshwar In this work, comparative study between electrochemical processes such as electrocoagulation (EC), peroxi-coagulation (PC) and peroxi-electrocoagulation (PEC) was performed for the removal of phthalic acid (PA) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from aqueous medium. Initially, acid treatment was studied at various pH (1–3) and temperature (10–55 °C). Subsequently, the supernatant was re-treated by electrochemical processes such as EC, PC and PEC separately. Independent parameters viz. pH, current density (CD), electrolyte concentration (m), electrode gap (g), H2O2 concentration and electrolysis time (t) were optimized by Central Composite Design (CCD) for these electrochemical processes. All three processes were compared based on removal, energy consumption, kinetic analysis, operating cost and sludge characteristics. In this study, PEC process was found more efficient among EC, PC and PEC processes in order to get maximum removal, minimum energy consumption and minimum operating cost. Maximum removal of PA- 68.21%, 74.36%, 82.25% & COD- 64.79%, 68.15%, 75.21% with energy consumption - 120.95, 97.51, 65.68 (kWh/kg COD removed) were attained through EC, PC and PEC processes respectively at their corresponding optimum conditions. Results indicated that PA and COD removals are in order of PEC > PC > EC under optimum conditions. First order kinetic model was found able to describe the degradation kinetics and provided best correlation for the removal rate within the acceptable error range. Fri, 01 Dec 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/8157 2017-12-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/8156 Terephthalic acid removal from aqueous solution by electrocoagulation and electro-Fenton methods: Process optimization through response surface methodology Sandhwar, Vishal Kumar; Prasad, Basheshwar The present work deals with the treatment of terephthalic acid (TPA) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from synthetic aqueous solution. Initially the aqueous solution was treated by acid precipitation at different pH (2–5) and temperature (15–60 °C). Approximately 87.1% of TPA and 68.85% of COD were removed by acid precipitation treatment at optimum conditions. After acid precipitation, the filtered supernatant was further treated by electrocoagulation (EC) and electro-Fenton (EF) techniques separately. Operating parameters viz. pH—(4–12), current density (A/m2)—(15.24–45.72), Na2SO4 concentration (mol/L)—(0.02–0.04) and time (min)—(10–70) for EC treatment and pH—(1–5), current density (A/m2)—(15.24–45.72), H2O2 concentration (mg/L)—(50–250) and time (min)—(10–70) for EF treatment were optimized and modeled by Central Composite Design (CCD) in response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum removal of TPA—82.76%, 91.87% COD—79.56%, 89.68% with electrical energy consumption (kWh/kg COD removed)—22.65, 18.11 were obtained through EC and EF treatment respectively at optimum conditions. Sludge generated at optimum conditions via electrochemical treatments was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM/EDX and TGA/DTA techniques. Sat, 01 Apr 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/8156 2017-04-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/8155 Comparative study of electrocoagulation and electrochemical Fenton treatment of aqueous solution of benzoic acid (BA): Optimization of process and sludge analysis Sandhwar, Vishal Kumar; Prasad, Basheshwer Benzoic acid containing synthetic solution was pretreated by acid precipitation at various pH (1-3) and temperature (15-60 °C). Pre-treated solution was further treated by electrocoagulation (EC) and electrochemical Fenton (EF) processes using iron anode and graphite cathode. Optimization of independent operating parameters, namely, initial pH: (3-11), current density (A/m2): (15.24-76.21), electrolyte concentration (mol/L): (0.03-0.07) and electrolysis time (min): (15-95) for EC process and pH: (1-5), current density (A/m2): (15.24-76.21), H2O2 concentration (mg/L): (100-500) and electrolysis time (min): (15-95) for EF process, was performed using central composite design (CCD) in response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum removal efficiencies of BA- 76.83%, 88.50%; chemical oxygen demand (COD) - 69.23%, 82.21% and energy consumption (kWh/kg COD removed) - 30.86, 21.15 were achieved by EC and EF processes, respectively, at optimum operating conditions. It was found that EF process is more efficient than EC process based on removal of BA and COD with lower energy consumption. The sludge obtained after EC and EF treatments was analyzed by XRD, FTIR, DTA/TGA and SEM/EDX techniques. Sat, 01 Apr 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/8155 2017-04-01T00:00:00Z