http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7249 Fri, 10 Apr 2026 21:05:58 GMT 2026-04-10T21:05:58Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7254 Comparative study of Free Radical Scavenging activity of Theobroma cacao L. with different anupana (vehicle) KUMAR, ARUN INTRODUCTION: Rasayana is defined as the drug which destroys the process of ageing and diseases. The rasayana dravyas increases the rasa, rakta and other dhatus, thereby increases the strength of the body as well as life span of a person. These dravyas also postpone ageing process, increases the resistance of the individual and helps in preventing diseases. The cocoa plant is not mentioned in the ayurvedic literature. But now a days cocoa is very popular and is widely used product worldwide. It has proven anti-oxidant property. The present study was done to see the efficacy with different anupana of cocao churna. AIM & OBJECTIVES: AIM: • To evaluate free radical scavenging activity of Theobroma cacao L. with the help of different Anupana on healthy individuals. OBJECTIVES: • To screen the efficacy of Anupana (concept of vehicle) of Theobroma cacao L. churna as with cow milk & buffalo water. • To screen the cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) powder pharmacognostically, phytochemically & for its taste threshold methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pharmacognostical study: Macroscopic and microscopic study of test drug was done. Analytical study: Organoleptic parameters, physico-chemical parameters, preliminary phyto-chemical analysis, inorganic minerals analysis was done. Clinical study: 32 subjects who fulfill the inclusion criteria was selected from the OPD of swasthavrutta, Parul Ayurved Hospital, Parul University after taking their informed consent. STUDY DESIGN: Open Randomized clinical trial. Assessment criteria: Serum Super Oxide Dismutase and Serum Catalase. It was done before the start of clinical trial and after the completion of clinical trial. RESULTS: The change in the values before and after treatments was assessed by paired Student’s T- test and in between two groups with unpaired Student’s T- test. There is a statistically significant improvement in values. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: After all observation, discussion and result concluded that Theobroma cacao definitely possesses anti-oxidant property. By comparing both groups, it was revealed that the anti-oxidant activity of Cocoa with cow milk as a Anupana is highly significant. For Full Thesis Kindly contact to respective Library Fri, 01 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7254 2020-05-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7252 A comparative pharmacognostical, physicochemical and heavy metal analysis of Musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn) rhizome obtained from natural (Prashasta Bhumi) and polluted (Aprashasta Bhumi) sources JOSHI, DEEPIKA DINESH INTRODUCTION Musta plant is known to have several medicinal values. It is used to relieve fever, in reducing burning sensation, excessive thirst etc. There are several pharmaceutical companies which use Musta in different medicinal formulations. But there are no specific regulations from where it is collected. Acharya’s have mentioned about specific bhumi for the collection of medicinal plants. The soil with presence of big stones, excessive water, with valmika (snake nest) should be avoided. On the other hand unctuous, smooth, tight, blackish-white or reddish soil and with grass is best for finding quality herbs. Herbs from such soil are only recommended for collection of raw material. If the herb is collected from the polluted area it might show the presence of pollutants such as heavy metals in it. Plants are sensitive to environmental conditions and they accumulate these heavy metals in their harvestable parts. Some of the heavy metals are not essential for plants and these are insidiously toxic to mammals. Accumulation and magnification of heavy metals in human tissues through consumption of herbal remedies can thus cause hazardous impacts on health. Hence the study is important to understand the differences in properties and accumulation of heavy metals in the plant which can be used for the ABSTRACT: putting up the specification for the pharmaceutical companies to choose particular plant from the particular region. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: AIM To compare Heavy metal analysis of Musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn.) rhizome obtained from natural and polluted sources. OBJECTIVES 1] To study the plant Musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn) rhizome pharmacognostically obtained from natural and polluted sources. 2] A physicochemical analysis of Musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn.) rhizome obtained from natural and polluted sources. 3] Heavy metal analysis of soil obtained from natural and polluted sources. METHODOLOGY: 1.Conceptual study a . Drug review b. Concept of Bhumi 2. Analytical study a. Pharmacognostical study b. Physicochemical study c. Determination of Rasa (by Taste Threshold Methods collected from Prashasta bhumi) 3. Heavy metal analysis OBSERVATIONS & RESULTS: It was observed that the number of rhizomes found per plant was higher in plants collected from non-polluted areas than in polluted areas. Further the size of the rhizome was bigger in samples collected from non-polluted soil than in polluted area. However, the organoleptic parameters of both the samples were found to be similar in colour, odour, taste and smell. Different physico-chemical parameters such as pH, total ash, moisture content and water and alcohol soluble extractives were determined. The pH of both the samples was approximately near the neutral range. Further it was observed that most of the parameters i.e. loss on drying and ash content were within the acceptable limits given by API. Both water and alcohol soluble extractives were lower in Musta samples collected from aprashasta bhumi than from prashasta bhumi. The rasa threshold of Musta churna was found to be 270 mL. The TLC analysis revealed more bands in prashasta than in aprashasta bhumi indicating lesser active compounds in samples from polluted areas. Heavy metal such as Lead was found to be above the permissible limit set by API in rhizome from aprashasta bhumi. CONCLUSION Heavy metals were below the permissible limit (as per API) in Musta samples from prashastha bhumi. The study suggests that quantitative values of physico-chemical analysis were obtained best in samples collected from prashasta bhumi (as per API). This study has proved that the Musta rhizome churna was affected by the place of collection. Presence of heavy metals like Lead above permissible level was seen in the sample collected from aprashasta bhumi making it unfit for use. Hence the study suggest that rhizome of Musta collected from only prashasta bhumi should be used for the therapeutic and medicinal use. For Full Thesis Kindly contact to respective Library Fri, 01 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7252 2020-05-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7250 A Pharmaco-Conceptual Study on Abhav Pratinidhi Dravyas (Substitutes) W.S.R. To Analytical of Dadim (Punica granatum Linn) and Vrukshamla (Garcinia indica Chois.) Chudasama, Tarak INTRODUCTION: Ayurveda is the ancient Indian system of medicine. Dravyaguna is a branch of Ayurveda which deals with herbs and drugs, its pharmacognosy, pharmacology and therapeutic uses of plants or drugs. In Ayurveda, there are many drugs combined in a single formulation. Some of them are not available due to absent of its season, some of them are difficult to find out, Confusion in vernacular names, some species got destroyed, same synonyms for many herbs, some drugs are highly costly, and some drugs are available but we have not the conventional identification. So, pratinidhi dravyas are mentioned in ayurvedic texts. Dadima (Punica granatum) and Vrukshamla (Garcinia indica) which is easily available and frequently found in several formulations, multidimensional qualities. AIM: 1) To analyze the concept of Abhav Pratinidhi Dravyas OBJECTIVES: 1) To evaluate Analytical study on Dadim and its substitute Vrukshamla and compare it. 2) The result will be compared with Ayurveda Pharmacopoeia of India. METHODOLOGY: The drugs were collected from natural sources. Both samples were subjected to Pharmacognostical evaluation, Physico-chemical evaluation, phytochemical evaluation and TLC and HPTLC as per standard method. ABSTRACT OBSERVATIONS & RESULTS: In present study, Pharmacognostic study showed difference in both samples. Also in Physico-chemical evaluation showed values within the ayurvedic pharmacopeial limit. Phytochemical evaluation exposed the presence of carbohydrates, steroid, tannin, triterpenoids in both samples but Dadim did not show alkaloids and Vrukshamla did not show saponin. TLC and HPTLC evaluation showed different values in sample. DISCUSSION: The Vedas have explored the concept of Abhav Pratinidhi Dravyas. Especially Shukla Yajurveda has more examples on substitutes in ritual works. During Samhita Kala, Acharya Charak and Acharya Shushrut have indirect concept of Abhav Pratinidhi Dravyas But Acharya Vagbhatta has Enlighten the concept. Afterward Bhavprakash, Bhaishjya Ratnavali and Yoga Ratnakar Have elaborated the concept of substitutes and also given the listing of Abhav pratinidhi Dravyas. All Acharyas have similar concept of Abhav Pratinidhi Dravyas like Similarity in Rasadi guna- karma, Pradhan dravyas must not be substituted and as per therapeutic need dravyas should be substituted. The concept of substitution is different than the adulteration because according to Acharyas substitute is as effective as the main Dravyas. But in adulteration the quality of the drug is affected. Dadim and Vrukshamla have more similarity in rasa, guna, virya,vipaka, karma and rogaghnata. Also phytochemical evaluation suggested similarity. And HPTLC evaluation showed standardization of the drug. CONCLUSION: The concept of Abhav Pratinidhi Dravyas comes from the Vedas and their texts. In Samhita period, Acharya Charak and Acharya Shushrut have not given directly reference about Abhav Pratinidhi Dravyas. But Only Acharya Vagbhatta has given the direct reference and brief introduction. Bhaishjya Ratnavali, Yoga Ratnakar and Bhavprakasha have given the full concept of Abhav Pratinidhi Dravyas – it’s definition, explanation, when to use, when to not use and their example listing. After discussing, it was concluded that Dadim and Vrukshamla have more similar Rasadi panchaka, Samanya karma and Rogaghnata. Also both are more similar analytically. So, Dadim and Vrukshamla can be used as substitute for each other. For Full Thesis Kindly contact to respective Library Wed, 01 Apr 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/7250 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z